MitseaBlog/content/post/3f3589d42a244fad8bb293185db8514f/index.zh-cn.md
2022-10-12 15:21:04 +08:00

99 lines
5.6 KiB
Markdown
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

+++
author = "FlintyLemming"
title = "Xcode 里 App 的多环境管理"
slug = "3f3589d42a244fad8bb293185db8514f"
date = "2022-10-12"
description = ""
categories = ["Coding", "Apple"]
tags = ["Xcode"]
image = "https://img.mitsea.com/blog/posts/2022/10/Xcode%20%E9%87%8C%20App%20%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%9A%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86/title.jpg?x-oss-process=style/ImageCompress"
+++
软件开发中一般需要对应不同的环境发布不同的成品,比如 Dev、Prod 等。通过使用 Xcode 的 scheme 可以管理多个环境,并在不同的环境下执行不同的行为。
首先需要明白两个概念Scheme 和 Configuration。上面这个叫 Schema下面的是 Configuration。
![](https://img.mitsea.com/blog/posts/2022/10/Xcode%20%E9%87%8C%20App%20%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%9A%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86/Untitled.png?x-oss-process=style/ImageCompress)
你可以简单理解为包含关系,每个 Schema 里的 Debug、Build 等行为配置是参考 Configuration 里的项目。
## 创建 Configurations
1. 点击项目 Info 里 Configurations 下面的加号,可以以默认的 Debug 和 Release 为模板,创建多个 Configurations
![](https://img.mitsea.com/blog/posts/2022/10/Xcode%20%E9%87%8C%20App%20%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%9A%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86/Untitled%201.png?x-oss-process=style/ImageCompress)
2. 每个环境里的 Debug 和 Release 还是要区分开的,所以这边创建出了如下的 Configurations。默认的那一组 Debug 和 Release 就当内部本地用,但是考虑到 Xcode 的草台性,不建议改它名字。
![](https://img.mitsea.com/blog/posts/2022/10/Xcode%20%E9%87%8C%20App%20%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%9A%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86/Untitled%202.png?x-oss-process=style/ImageCompress)
3. 为了在代码里能够让代码根据不同的环境执行不同的行为,我们还需要给刚才创建的 Configurations 设置 Flag。在 Build Settings 里找到 Swift Compiler - Custom Flags 里的 Active Compilation Conditions。
![](https://img.mitsea.com/blog/posts/2022/10/Xcode%20%E9%87%8C%20App%20%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%9A%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86/Untitled%203.png?x-oss-process=style/ImageCompress)
4. 最后就是这样
![](https://img.mitsea.com/blog/posts/2022/10/Xcode%20%E9%87%8C%20App%20%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%9A%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86/Untitled%204.png?x-oss-process=style/ImageCompress)
## 创建 Scheme
创建完 Configurations 还不够,因为我们还不能很方便的去控制当前我们编译 App 的时候到底用哪套 Configuration这个时候就需要创建多个 Scheme
1. 点击这里的 Manage Schemes
![](https://img.mitsea.com/blog/posts/2022/10/Xcode%20%E9%87%8C%20App%20%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%9A%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86/Untitled%205.png?x-oss-process=style/ImageCompress)
2. 创建多个 Scheme可以把默认的改成 Local
![](https://img.mitsea.com/blog/posts/2022/10/Xcode%20%E9%87%8C%20App%20%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%9A%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86/Untitled%206.png?x-oss-process=style/ImageCompress)
3. 双击编辑,比如双击这里的 MyApp-Dev。Run 里的这个 Build Configuration 就要改成刚才创建的 Debug Dev
![](https://img.mitsea.com/blog/posts/2022/10/Xcode%20%E9%87%8C%20App%20%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%9A%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86/Untitled%207.png?x-oss-process=style/ImageCompress)
4. 这五个行为里面的都要改,比如 Release 要改成刚才创建的 Release Dev
![](https://img.mitsea.com/blog/posts/2022/10/Xcode%20%E9%87%8C%20App%20%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%9A%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86/Untitled%208.png?x-oss-process=style/ImageCompress)
5. 同理,另一个 MyApp-Prod 的 scheme 里也要都改掉,这样当我们点击这里切换的时候,就会使用不同的 Configuration
![](https://img.mitsea.com/blog/posts/2022/10/Xcode%20%E9%87%8C%20App%20%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%9A%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86/Untitled%209.png?x-oss-process=style/ImageCompress)
## 编辑不同环境下的行为
### 代码逻辑
可以使用下面的这种语法为不同环境编写不同的逻辑代码
```swift
#if LOCAL
demoText.text = "Now is Local Environment"
#elseif DEV
demoText.text = "Now is Dev Environment"
#elseif PROD
demoText.text = "Now is Prod Environment"
#endif
```
看下效果
![](https://img.mitsea.com/blog/posts/2022/10/Xcode%20%E9%87%8C%20App%20%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%9A%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86/Untitled%2010.png?x-oss-process=style/ImageCompress)
![](https://img.mitsea.com/blog/posts/2022/10/Xcode%20%E9%87%8C%20App%20%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%9A%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86/Untitled%2011.png?x-oss-process=style/ImageCompress)
### 包名
不同环境包名可能都是不一样的。在 Siging & Capabilities 里,可以看到这里已经有刚才创建的选项了,只需要点击对应的选项,修改里面的 Bundle Identifier 即可。
![](https://img.mitsea.com/blog/posts/2022/10/Xcode%20%E9%87%8C%20App%20%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%9A%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86/Untitled%2012.png?x-oss-process=style/ImageCompress)
### 显示名称
不同环境的显示名称也可能不一样,在 General 里修改
![](https://img.mitsea.com/blog/posts/2022/10/Xcode%20%E9%87%8C%20App%20%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%9A%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86/Untitled%2013.png?x-oss-process=style/ImageCompress)
此外还有很多可以区分环境设置包括代码中引用的变量、App Icon 等等……
> Photo by [Skylar McKissack](https://unsplash.com/@skymckissack?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText) on [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com/?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText)