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PLFM_RADAR/9_Firmware/9_2_FPGA/cdc_modules.v
T
Jason c983a3c705 Achieve timing closure: DSP48E1 pipelines, 4-stage NCO, 28-bit CIC, ASYNC_REG
Phase 0+ timing optimization (attempts #13-22 + implementation):

NCO (nco_400m_enhanced.v):
- 4-stage pipeline: DSP48E1 accumulate -> LUT read -> negate -> quadrant MUX
- DSP48E1 phase accumulator in P=P+C mode (eliminates 8-stage CARRY4 chain)
- Registered phase_inc_dithered to break cascaded 32-bit add path

DDC (ddc_400m.v):
- Direct DSP48E1 instantiation for I/Q mixers (AREG=1, BREG=1, MREG=1, PREG=1)
- CEP=1, RSTP=!reset_n for proper pipeline control
- 3-stage dsp_valid_pipe for PREG=1 latency
- Behavioral sim model under ifdef SIMULATION for Icarus compatibility

CIC (cic_decimator_4x_enhanced.v):
- 28-bit accumulators (was 36) per CIC width formula: 18 + 5*log2(4) = 28
- Removed integrator/comb saturation (CIC uses wrapping arithmetic by design)
- Pipelined output saturation comparison

CDC/ASYNC_REG:
- ASYNC_REG attribute on all CDC synchronizer registers (cdc_modules.v,
  radar_system_top.v, usb_data_interface.v)
- Sync reset in generate blocks (cdc_modules.v)

Results: Vivado post-implementation WNS=+1.196ns, 0 failing endpoints,
850 LUTs (1.34%), 466 FFs (0.37%), 2 DSP48E1 (0.83%) on xc7a100t.
All testbenches pass: 241/244 (3 known stub failures).
2026-03-16 01:02:07 +02:00

237 lines
7.4 KiB
Verilog

`timescale 1ns / 1ps
// ============================================================================
// CDC FOR MULTI-BIT DATA (ADVANCED)
// Uses Gray-code encoding with synchronous reset on sync chain to avoid
// latch inference. ASYNC_REG attributes ensure Vivado places synchronizer
// FFs in the same slice for optimal MTBF.
// ============================================================================
module cdc_adc_to_processing #(
parameter WIDTH = 8,
parameter STAGES = 3
)(
input wire src_clk,
input wire dst_clk,
input wire reset_n,
input wire [WIDTH-1:0] src_data,
input wire src_valid,
output wire [WIDTH-1:0] dst_data,
output wire dst_valid
);
// Gray encoding for safe CDC
function [WIDTH-1:0] binary_to_gray;
input [WIDTH-1:0] binary;
binary_to_gray = binary ^ (binary >> 1);
endfunction
function [WIDTH-1:0] gray_to_binary;
input [WIDTH-1:0] gray;
reg [WIDTH-1:0] binary;
integer i;
begin
binary[WIDTH-1] = gray[WIDTH-1];
for (i = WIDTH-2; i >= 0; i = i - 1) begin
binary[i] = binary[i+1] ^ gray[i];
end
gray_to_binary = binary;
end
endfunction
// Source domain registers
reg [WIDTH-1:0] src_data_reg;
reg [1:0] src_toggle = 2'b00;
// Destination domain synchronizer registers
// ASYNC_REG on memory arrays applies to all elements
(* ASYNC_REG = "TRUE" *) reg [WIDTH-1:0] dst_data_gray [0:STAGES-1];
(* ASYNC_REG = "TRUE" *) reg [1:0] dst_toggle_sync [0:STAGES-1];
reg [WIDTH-1:0] dst_data_reg;
reg dst_valid_reg = 0;
reg [1:0] prev_dst_toggle = 2'b00;
// Source domain: capture data and toggle
always @(posedge src_clk or negedge reset_n) begin
if (!reset_n) begin
src_data_reg <= 0;
src_toggle <= 2'b00;
end else if (src_valid) begin
src_data_reg <= src_data;
src_toggle <= src_toggle + 1;
end
end
// CDC synchronization chain for data — SYNCHRONOUS RESET
// Using synchronous reset avoids latch inference in Vivado.
// For CDC synchronizers, synchronous reset is preferred because
// the reset value is sampled safely within the clock domain.
genvar i;
generate
for (i = 0; i < STAGES; i = i + 1) begin : data_sync_chain
always @(posedge dst_clk) begin
if (!reset_n) begin
dst_data_gray[i] <= 0;
end else begin
if (i == 0) begin
// Convert to gray code at domain crossing
dst_data_gray[i] <= binary_to_gray(src_data_reg);
end else begin
dst_data_gray[i] <= dst_data_gray[i-1];
end
end
end
end
for (i = 0; i < STAGES; i = i + 1) begin : toggle_sync_chain
always @(posedge dst_clk) begin
if (!reset_n) begin
dst_toggle_sync[i] <= 2'b00;
end else begin
if (i == 0) begin
dst_toggle_sync[i] <= src_toggle;
end else begin
dst_toggle_sync[i] <= dst_toggle_sync[i-1];
end
end
end
end
endgenerate
// Detect new data
always @(posedge dst_clk or negedge reset_n) begin
if (!reset_n) begin
dst_data_reg <= 0;
dst_valid_reg <= 0;
prev_dst_toggle <= 2'b00;
end else begin
// Convert from gray code
dst_data_reg <= gray_to_binary(dst_data_gray[STAGES-1]);
// Check if toggle changed (new data)
if (dst_toggle_sync[STAGES-1] != prev_dst_toggle) begin
dst_valid_reg <= 1'b1;
prev_dst_toggle <= dst_toggle_sync[STAGES-1];
end else begin
dst_valid_reg <= 1'b0;
end
end
end
assign dst_data = dst_data_reg;
assign dst_valid = dst_valid_reg;
endmodule
// ============================================================================
// CDC FOR SINGLE BIT SIGNALS
// ============================================================================
module cdc_single_bit #(
parameter STAGES = 3
)(
input wire src_clk,
input wire dst_clk,
input wire reset_n,
input wire src_signal,
output wire dst_signal
);
(* ASYNC_REG = "TRUE" *) reg [STAGES-1:0] sync_chain;
always @(posedge dst_clk or negedge reset_n) begin
if (!reset_n) begin
sync_chain <= 0;
end else begin
sync_chain <= {sync_chain[STAGES-2:0], src_signal};
end
end
assign dst_signal = sync_chain[STAGES-1];
endmodule
// ============================================================================
// CDC FOR MULTI-BIT WITH HANDSHAKE
// ============================================================================
module cdc_handshake #(
parameter WIDTH = 32
)(
input wire src_clk,
input wire dst_clk,
input wire reset_n,
input wire [WIDTH-1:0] src_data,
input wire src_valid,
output wire src_ready,
output wire [WIDTH-1:0] dst_data,
output wire dst_valid,
input wire dst_ready
);
// Source domain
reg [WIDTH-1:0] src_data_reg;
reg src_busy = 0;
reg src_ack_sync = 0;
(* ASYNC_REG = "TRUE" *) reg [1:0] src_ack_sync_chain = 2'b00;
// Destination domain
reg [WIDTH-1:0] dst_data_reg;
reg dst_valid_reg = 0;
reg dst_req_sync = 0;
(* ASYNC_REG = "TRUE" *) reg [1:0] dst_req_sync_chain = 2'b00;
reg dst_ack = 0;
// Source clock domain
always @(posedge src_clk or negedge reset_n) begin
if (!reset_n) begin
src_data_reg <= 0;
src_busy <= 0;
src_ack_sync <= 0;
src_ack_sync_chain <= 2'b00;
end else begin
// Sync acknowledge from destination
src_ack_sync_chain <= {src_ack_sync_chain[0], dst_ack};
src_ack_sync <= src_ack_sync_chain[1];
if (!src_busy && src_valid) begin
src_data_reg <= src_data;
src_busy <= 1'b1;
end else if (src_busy && src_ack_sync) begin
src_busy <= 1'b0;
end
end
end
// Destination clock domain
always @(posedge dst_clk or negedge reset_n) begin
if (!reset_n) begin
dst_data_reg <= 0;
dst_valid_reg <= 0;
dst_req_sync <= 0;
dst_req_sync_chain <= 2'b00;
dst_ack <= 0;
end else begin
// Sync request from source
dst_req_sync_chain <= {dst_req_sync_chain[0], src_busy};
dst_req_sync <= dst_req_sync_chain[1];
// Capture data when request arrives
if (dst_req_sync && !dst_valid_reg) begin
dst_data_reg <= src_data_reg;
dst_valid_reg <= 1'b1;
dst_ack <= 1'b1;
end else if (dst_valid_reg && dst_ready) begin
dst_valid_reg <= 1'b0;
end
// Clear acknowledge after source sees it
if (dst_ack && !dst_req_sync) begin
dst_ack <= 1'b0;
end
end
end
assign src_ready = !src_busy;
assign dst_data = dst_data_reg;
assign dst_valid = dst_valid_reg;
endmodule