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content/post/UhQaedM4Xh4olY1b6RILvg/index.zh-cn.md
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author = "FlintyLemming"
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title = "使用 restic 进行多版本备份"
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slug = "UhQaedM4Xh4olY1b6RILvg"
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date = "2025-04-22"
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description = ""
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categories = ["HomeLab"]
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tags = ["备份", "restic"]
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image = "https://hf-image.mitsea.com:8840/blog/posts/2025/04/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%20restic%20%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E5%A4%9A%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E5%A4%87%E4%BB%BD/steve-gribble-tuRraTuflBA-unsplash.avif"
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## 背景
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现有备份服务器 A,业务服务器 B、C。A 仅有最基本的 lvm + xfs 存储和 ssh 连接。为了满足多版本备份,选择使用 [restic](https://restic.net/) 备份方案。
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restic 的优势主要有以下几点:
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1. 备份目的地不需要安装额外软件,没有环境要求,多种连接方式
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2. 去重、多版本、加密、快速
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3. 开源、多平台支持、使用简单
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下面的步骤以服务器 B 备份到 A 为例,C 同理。
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## 环境准备
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### 安装 restic
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备份服务器 A 不需要安装任何程序,在业务服务器 B 和 C 上安装 restic 即可,直接在 apt 源安装即可
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```bash
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sudo apt install restic
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```
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### 配置 ssh key 免密登陆
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创建密钥对和配置过程不赘述,需要注意一点的是,由于备份时使用 sudo 备份,(因为有的文件是由 docker 作为 root 创建出来的),所以你的密钥需要配置在 root 用户 home 下的 .ssh 文件夹里,而不是普通用户的 home 里。
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## 创建备份仓库和初次备份
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1. 在 B 服务器上执行命令,在 A 服务器上创建备份 repo
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```bash
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sudo restic init --repo sftp:aiteam@ServerA_IP:/export/aiteam/restic-repo/r750xa
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```
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执行后会让你输入一个密码,设置好后要记住这个密码
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2. 在本机创建一个密码文件保存刚才设置的密码,为后续自动化备份做准备
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```bash
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sudo mkdir -p /etc/restic
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sudo bash -c 'echo "你的仓库密码" > /etc/restic/password' # 把 "你的仓库密码" 替换成真实的密码
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sudo chmod 600 /etc/restic/password
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```
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3. 尝试初次备份,验证配置
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```bash
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sudo restic --repo sftp:aiteam@ServerA_IP:/export/aiteam/restic-repo/r750xa \
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--password-file /etc/restic/password \
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backup /mnt/extend/appdata /mnt/extend/Projects
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```
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## 仓库验证和快照管理
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### **检查仓库完整性**
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```bash
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sudo restic --repo sftp:aiteam@ServerA_IP:/export/aiteam/restic-repo/r750xa \
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--password-file /etc/restic/password \
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check
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```
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### 列出所有快照
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```bash
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sudo restic --repo sftp:aiteam@ServerA_IP:/export/aiteam/restic-repo/r750xa \
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--password-file /etc/restic/password \
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snapshots
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```
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### 管理旧快照
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由于备份没有长期保存的需求,所以我这边选用最简单的保留近 7 天快照
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```bash
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sudo restic --repo sftp:aiteam@ServerA_IP:/export/aiteam/restic-repo/r750xa \
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--password-file /etc/restic/password \
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forget --keep-daily 7 --prune
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```
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## 自动化
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使用 crontab 自动化即可,每天执行一次备份、删除旧快照,即可保证始终有近 7 天的版本。可以使用 Restic Browser 便捷的查看历史版本,大概就是这样的效果
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## 关于 Docker
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官方有提供 Docker,但大概就是一个执行 restic 二进制的容器,如果要通过 SSH 连接配置 key 的话,不是很方便,可以考虑使用 `mazzolino/restic` 这个镜像,在镜像内操作
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> Photo by [Steve Gribble](https://unsplash.com/@steve_g_?utm_content=creditCopyText&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=unsplash) on [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com/photos/a-mountain-under-a-starry-night-sky-tuRraTuflBA?utm_content=creditCopyText&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=unsplash)
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